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As with Windows, try not to install Ant in a directory with spaces in it. The scripts should all cope with it, but if they don t, it will be up to you to fix them. Here is the log of a Linux install into the subdirectory of a user: installation for the entire team would need to be done as root and with an editing of system profile files. This is important if you are planning to have an automated build process later on; whatever account the automated build runs under it needs to have a copy of Ant.

the Item.buyer property. As long as your collection is not an indexed variation (a list, map, or array), you can reverse this by declaring the collection inverse="true". The Java code to create a link between a bought item and a user object is the same in both cases:

[Apps]$ pwd /home/slo/Java/Apps [Apps]$ ls jakarta-ant-1.5-bin.tar.gz [Apps]$ ls jakarta-ant-1.5-bin.tar.gz [Apps]$ tar xzf jakarta-ant-1.5-bin.tar.gz [Apps]$ ls jakarta-ant-1.5 jakarta-ant-1.5-bin.tar [Apps]$ cd jakarta-ant-1.5/bin [bin]$ ./ant -version Apache Ant version 1.5Beta3 compiled on June 22 2002 [bin]$

aUser.getBoughtItems().add(anItem); anItem.setBuyer(aUser);

The third step is to add the environment variable(s) needed to get it to work. To set the Bash environment, add this to the profile file that is usually .profile or .bash_profile. System administrators setting these up for an entire system should modify /etc/profile instead, which can be convenient unless different users plan to use different Ant versions. The settings for the profile file should look something like:

You can map secondary tables in JPA to create a one-to-many association with a join table. First, map a @ManyToOne to a join table:

@Entity public class Item { @ManyToOne @JoinTable( name = "ITEM_BUYER", joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "ITEM_ID")}, inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "USER_ID")} ) private User buyer; ... }

export JAVA_HOME= (wherever the JDK is installed) export ANT_HOME= (wherever Ant is installed) export PATH=$PATH:$ANT_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin

At the time of writing, this mapping has the limitation that you can t set it to optional="true"; hence, the USER_ID column is nullable. If you try to add a nullable="false" attribute on the @JoinColumn, Hibernate Annotations thinks that you want the whole buyer property to never be null. Furthermore, the primary key of the join table is now the ITEM_ID column only. This is fine, because you don t want duplicate items in this table they can be bought only once. To make this mapping bidirectional, add a collection on the User class and make it inverse with mappedBy:

The environment settings for tcsh have a different syntax but the same behavior, and go into the equivalent file: .cshrc or .tcshrc.

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "buyer") private Set<Item> boughtItems = new HashSet<Item>();

setenv JAVA_HOME= (wherever the JDK is installed) setenv ANT_HOME= (wherever Ant is installed) setenv PATH=$PATH\:$ANT_HOME/bin\:$JAVA_HOME/bin

We showed a <many-to-many> XML mapping element in the previous section for a one-to-many association on a join table. The @JoinTable annotation is the equivalent in annotations. Let s map a real many-to-many association.

The association between Category and Item is a many-to-many association, as can be seen in figure 7.9. In a real system, you may not have a many-to-many association. Our experience is that there is almost always other information that must be attached to each link between associated instances (such as the date and time when an item was added

There is a place where Ant options (such as ANT_OPTS) can be set in Unix, the .antrc file in the user s home directory, which is read in by the Ant shell script. Other mechanisms for starting Ant under Unix, such as the Perl on Python scripts, do not read this file. After logging off and on again, test the environment by typing ant -version in a shell: a version message that matches the version you have just downloaded indicates that all is well.

to a category) and that the best way to represent this information is via an intermediate association class. In Hibernate, you can map the association class as an entity and map two one-to-many associations for either side. Perhaps more conveniently, you can also map a composite element class, a technique we show later. It s the purpose of this section to implement a real many-to-many entity association. Let s start with a unidirectional example. A simple unidirectional many-to-many association If you require only unidirectional navigation, the mapping is straightforward. Unidirectional many-to-many associations are essentially no more difficult than the collections of value-type instances we discussed earlier. For example, if the Category has a set of Items, you can create this mapping:

There are two useful environment variables that the Ant wrapper scripts use when invoking Ant: ANT_OPTS and ANT_ARGS. Neither of these is typically set by users, but each can provide value for certain situations.

<set name="items" table="CATEGORY_ITEM" cascade="save-update"> <key column="CATEGORY_ID"/> <many-to-many class="Item" column="ITEM_ID"/> </set>

A.5.1