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faultLogger allows subclasses to receive the output generated by overriding the log method. By subclassing DefaultLogger, the MailLogger will be capable of generating console output, and buffering that same output for the body of an email. Listing 20.3 showcases our MailLogger code, which is now part of the Ant distribution.

<class name="Item" table="ITEM"> ... <list name="bids"> <key column="ITEM_ID" not-null="true"/> <list-index column="BID_POSITION"/> <one-to-many class="Bid"/> </list> </class>

Listing 20.3 MailLogger an example of creating a custom BuildLogger by subclassing from Ant s DefaultLogger

Note that the attribute has to be on the <key> mapping, not on a possible nested <column> element. Whenever you have a noninverse collection of entity references (most of the time a one-to-many with a list, map, or array) and the foreign key join column in the target table is not nullable, you need to tell Hibernate about this. Hibernate needs the hint to order INSERT and UPDATE statements correctly, to avoid a constraint violation. Let s make this bidirectional with an item property of the Bid. If you follow the examples from earlier chapters, you might want to add a <many-to-one> on the ITEM_ID foreign key column to make this association bidirectional, and enable inverse="true" on the collection. Remember that Hibernate ignores the state of an inverse collection! This time, however, the collection contains information that is needed to update the database correctly: the position of its elements. If only the state of each Bid instance is considered for synchronization, and the collection is inverse and ignored, Hibernate has no value for the BID_POSITION column. If you map a bidirectional one-to-many entity association with an indexed collection (this is also true for maps and arrays), you have to switch the inverse sides. You can t make an indexed collection inverse="true". The collection becomes responsible for state synchronization, and the one side, the Bid, has to be made inverse. However, there is no inverse="true" for a many-to-one mapping so you need to simulate this attribute on a <many-to-one>:

package org.apache.tools.ant.listener; import import import import import import import import import import import import import org.apache.tools.ant.BuildEvent; org.apache.tools.ant.DefaultLogger; org.apache.tools.ant.Project; org.apache.tools.ant.util.StringUtils; org.apache.tools.mail.MailMessage; java.io.FileInputStream; java.io.IOException; java.io.InputStream; java.io.PrintStream; java.util.Enumeration; java.util.Hashtable; java.util.Properties; java.util.StringTokenizer;

<class name="Bid" table="BID"> ... <many-to-one name="item" column="ITEM_ID" class="Item" not-null="true" insert="false" update="false"/> </class>

Setting insert and update to false has the desired effect. As we discussed earlier, these two attributes used together make a property effectively read-only. This side of the association is therefore ignored for any write operations, and the state of the collection (including the index of the elements) is the relevant state when the in-memory state is synchronized with the database. You ve switched the inverse/ noninverse sides of the association, a requirement if you switch from a set or bag to a list (or any other indexed collection). The equivalent in JPA, an indexed collection in a bidirectional one-to-many mapping, is as follows:

Confusing package name, we know!

public class Item { ... @OneToMany @JoinColumn(name = "ITEM_ID", nullable = false) @org.hibernate.annotations.IndexColumn(name = "BID_POSITION") private List<Bid> bids = new ArrayList<Bid>(); ... }

// Code comments omitted for brevity public class MailLogger extends DefaultLogger { private StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); public void buildFinished(BuildEvent event) { super.buildFinished(event);

This mapping is noninverse because no mappedBy attribute is present. Because JPA doesn t support persistent indexed lists (only ordered with an @OrderBy at load time), you need to add a Hibernate extension annotation for index support. Here s the other side of the association in Bid:

Project project = event.getProject(); Hashtable properties = project.getProperties(); Properties fileProperties = new Properties(); String filename = (String) properties.get("MailLogger.properties.file"); if (filename != null) { InputStream is = null; try { is = new FileInputStream(filename); fileProperties.load(is); } catch (IOException ioe) { // ignore because properties file is not required } finally { if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } }

public class Bid { ... @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "ITEM_ID", nullable = false, updatable = false, insertable = false) private Item item; ... }

We now discuss one more scenario with a one-to-many relationship: an association mapped to an intermediate join table. Optional one-to-many association with a join table A useful addition to the Item class is a buyer property. You can then call anItem.getBuyer() to access the User who made the winning bid. (Of course, anItem.getSuccessfulBid().getBidder() can provide the same access with a